Every year, millions of Muslims from across the world gather in Mecca to perform Hajj, a sacred pilgrimage guide that traces back to the time of Prophet Abraham and was made obligatory after Prophet Muhammad’s farewell pilgrimage in 632 AD.
Hajj, one of the five pillars of Islam, is a profound spiritual journey that tests the physical, emotional, and mental endurance of pilgrims. It takes place annually in Dhul-Hijjah, the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, between the 8th and 13th days.
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The Sacred Rituals of Hajj
Day 1: Ihram and Arrival in Mina
The journey begins with a pure intention and entering into ihram—a state of spiritual purity. Pilgrims wear specific garments: two unstitched pieces of white cloth for men, while women wear modest clothing. Certain actions, such as arguments and personal grooming, are restricted during this time.
Upon arrival in Mecca, pilgrims perform tawaf, circling the Kaaba seven times in an anticlockwise direction, followed by sai, walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa. Afterward, they travel to Mina, a tent city 8 km from Mecca, where they spend the night in prayer and supplication.
Day 2: The Day of Arafat
This is considered the most significant day of Hajj. Pilgrims journey 15 km to Mount Arafat, where they stand in prayer from noon to sunset, seeking forgiveness and blessings. This act, known as wuquf, symbolizes standing before Allah.
After sunset, pilgrims move to Muzdalifah, 11 km away, where they spend the night under the open sky and collect 49 pebbles for the next ritual.
Day 3: Eid al-Adha and Stoning of the Devil
On the 10th of Dhul-Hijjah, known as Eid al-Adha, pilgrims return to Mina and perform rami, the symbolic stoning of the devil by throwing seven pebbles at Jamarat al-Aqaba. This act represents Prophet Abraham’s defiance against the devil’s temptation.
Pilgrims also offer an animal sacrifice (nahr), commemorating Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son in obedience to Allah. The meat is distributed to the needy.
Days 4 & 5: Continued Stoning
Over the next two days, pilgrims continue the rami ritual, throwing pebbles at three pillars:
- Jamarat al-Ula (small pillar)
- Jamarat al-Wusta (middle pillar)
- Jamarat al-Aqaba (large pillar)
Day 6: Halq, Taqsir, and Farewell Tawaf
On the 12th of Dhul-Hijjah, male pilgrims shave their heads (halq) or trim their hair (taqsir), while women trim a small portion of their hair. This marks the end of ihram.
Pilgrims then return to Mecca for the farewell tawaf, circling the Kaaba one final time before completing their sacred journey.
A Visit to Medina
Many pilgrims extend their journey to Medina, the resting place of Prophet Muhammad and his closest companions. Though not a part of Hajj, visiting Medina is a deeply spiritual experience for many.
Hajj is a journey of faith, self-purification, and devotion, reinforcing the unity of Muslims worldwide as they walk in the footsteps of the prophets.
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